Los niños y la Educación Vial evolutionary feature of children is a significant constraint to perform their safe
in public. This is psycho-physical constraints characteristic of developmental stage in which they found and represent a higher risk exposure in transit.
Among the aspects that make this social group, together with the elderly and disabled,
the most vulnerable from the point of view of road safety, let's note, which in our view have a higher incidence in the transition from child .
1. We begin by considering the field of vision, whose amplitude up to 10 years
approximately is 110 º (subsequently increased and reached 180 ° which is the extension
an adult). What denotes this situation is that the child will need to turn the head to detect
lateral movements, which would be out of the 110 º -
increasing reaction time to locate the objects that are located in the periphery.
also have difficulty using information from the side because although it can be seen, it is not precisely because they would be out of direct view of the child, although it is within their visual field appears diffusely. Consider a
adult pedestrian crossing will make a road. This may notice that there a moving object in the periphery of his vision may not be able to distinguish which type of vehicle in question, but it will perceive that there is a vehicle that is moving. The breadth of his vision will allow you more time to take action as quickly cross the street or decide not to. The child, not having such an extension in their field, will not receive the vehicle until it is next to him, a situation that will involve less time to make a decision on action to be developed.
2. Another condition that can be mentioned, refers to the height of children. This feature makes many items found on the street, can not be considered by them because they are generally available to the perception of adult users. For this reason, we could say that only in the teenage years will have the opportunity to obtain information when they are young can not afford.
With regard to this situation, we present an example that relates to the amount of existing elements on the street hiding these children and make it difficult to be seen by others and that they observe the development of the traffic properly. In this sense, we can refer to billboards located in the village or shrubs that block views and hidden, the cross between two parked cars which prevent
vehicle drivers who are going to see, hindering any action that the driver can make time if necessary.
3. Also, the child's performance is determined by the extent of hearing range. Unlike adults who located the sound at an angle of 120 degrees, for children the angle is closed at 30 5. The difficulty lies in the inability to adequately assess the merits of the sounds of the vehicles are moving. Similarly, with regard to hearing in 9 children under 6 years there are problems as to the location of the direction of sounds whether from right or left.
need visual confirmation hearing for its recognition, leading to greater
slow response because the child will need more time to synchronize the decision
coordinated action.
4. Another aspect to consider is that children up to 8 years or so, has the ability to pay attention simultaneously to several factors of a sound and visual6. In the specific case of transit, we can give the following example: a child who is moved by road as a pedestrian, you can see cars passing through the street crossing aims also
traffic light that allows or prohibits the crossing, but will not fully take into account the other pedestrians, vehicles which run perpendicular to the street, and you may be more difficult to distinguish the sound that can identify different traffic of vehicles such as motorcycles, cars, trucks, motorcycles, etc.. All this does not happen with children who are older,
because they have the ability to see several factors at once and select which of them will give greater attention
according to how this traffic situation. Also be considered
the attention of young children traveling to areas that attract them and generally not linked to traffic-surely a child in the age at which attends to the initial level, more attention to other kids playing, play spaces, posters with different colors, etc.. as other pedestrians to walk near him, a vehicle approaching an intersection, etc .-. This situation is exacerbated by the short time they have to focus on the facts before them, even those that may be of interest
. Recently, after 11 or 12 years will be able to concentrate their attention on different tasks
, such as a motor task (walking across the street) and a visual task
(conveniently observe the situation of vehicles driven), warning
risks that may occur on public roads.
5. The younger the age, mayoresmson difficulties
proper consideration of the distances (especially if they are large) and estimate the speed of vehicles, resulting in an inability to appreciate the time available and need to cross a street. Younger children also tend to misclassify
speeds that can develop each of the vehicles, because they often relate the
their size with the speed you can get, which is now a preteen would be able to discern because he knows that not always the development of faster or slower depending on the size of the vehicles moving. Undoubtedly, the concepts of distance and speed will affect the estimate that the child will need to do, to calculate the time of crossing the street and / or how long it takes a vehicle to get into position. Thus producing a significant increase in their risk exposure
to any accidents.
6. Another limitation that occur in children is a significant amount of time they need to clarify the surrounding information. Although existing data can be processed, this operation will take longer than an adult or a teenager, making the traffic situation may have changed before the child make a decision on the action to perform (eg crossing the street on a signalized corner.) There are also difficulties with regard to anticipation or expectation, and the poor understanding of causal relations, of his own action and other users. This is because they still can not do the basic considerations that makes an adult, such as coordinating speed, distance and time
. For this reason, child can not decide accurately and quickly, what action
will take place immediately, according to
traffic situations as they arise.
2011 In January there was a sharp reduction in the number of fatalities in road accidents on the roads across the country, Interior Minister Florencio Randazzo said: "With awareness and controls deployed step by step we are achieving more and save more lives. "
